9.28. Formación del present perfect

 El present perfect se forma con el presente del verbo to have y el participio pasado del verbo que se conjuga que, como ya hemos dicho, en los verbos regulares termina siempre en -ed (para la pronunciación de la terminación -ed, v. 9.44.). Damos como modelo el present perfect del verbo to work:

 

Forma afirmativa

Estructura: sujeto + have/has + participio pasado del verbo que se conjuga.

Sin contraer Forma contraída

I have worked he trabajado

you have worked I’ve worked

you’ve worked

he has worked he’s worked

she has worked she’s worked

it has worked it’s worked

we have worked we’ve worked

you have worked you’ve worked

they have worked they’ve worked

Forma negativa

Estructura: sujeto + have/has + not + participio pasado del verbo que se conjuga.

Sin contraer Forma contraída

I have not worked

no he trabajado you have not worked he has not worked

etc. I haven’t worked o I´ve not worked

you haven’t worked you’ve not worked he hasn’t worked he’s not worked

etc.

Forma interrogativa

Estructura: have/has + sujeto + participio pasado del verbo que se conjuga.

 

 

Forma interrogativo-negativa

Estructura: have/has + sujeto + not + participio pasado del verbo que se conjuga.

Sin contraer Forma contraída

have I not worked?

¿no he trabajado? have you not worked?

has he/she/it not worked?

etc. haven’t I worked?

haven’t you worked? hasn’t he/she/it worked?

etc.